Chile: Exhumation can be act of exorcising the guilt

The history of Chile may be revised yet again if the forensic examination of the body of the country’s famous poet, Pablo Neruda, which has been exhumed, shows that he died of poisoning and not of prostate cancer. The reason for the suspicion about his death is the statement of Neruda’s former driver that the poet told him that his condition had started deteriorating after the doctors gave him an injection. Considering that Nobel laureate was a friend of Chile’s Marxist president, Salvador Allende, who killed himself during a military coup against his government, it is obvious that Neruda was not a favourite of the military dictator, Augusto Pinochet. The poet died 12 days after the 1973 coup.

Pablo Neruda wooed readers with his romantic poetry, but the latest lines in his story could be ripped from a murder mystery. The Chilean poet's 1973 death certificate says prostate cancer killed him.

But his former chauffeur has another theory involving an unknown assassin, a lethal injection and the South American country's notorious military coup.

On Monday, authorities started putting that theory to the test, exhuming the poet's remains as part of a high-profile investigation that could take months to complete.

Manuel Araya, the chauffeur, said he's received threats for making the controversial claim, which has riled some of Neruda's supporters.

That won't stop him from speaking his mind, Araya told CNN Chile.

"I am not afraid of anyone," he said.

Chauffeur: 'They silenced him'

A view of the tomb of Chilean poet Pablo Neruda in Isla Negra, some 120 km (75 miles) west of Santiago, on April 7, 2013.

Neruda died on September 23, 1973, just 12 days after a right-wing military coup ousted socialist President Salvador Allende and brought Gen. Augusto Pinochet to power.

The poet, a Communist Party member, had criticized the coup and Pinochet.

Less than two weeks later, he was dead.

He had been planning to go into exile the next day -- and the timing of his death was no coincidence, according to Araya.

Neruda was a well known political and public figure, having served as a lawmaker and diplomat in addition to his literary career, which earned him a Nobel Prize in 1971.

"I believe that Pablo Neruda was murdered, because Pablo Neruda was a very relevant figure in history, as much in this country as in the world," Araya told CNN Chile. "He was going to go into exile on September 24 and they silenced him before then."

Thousands of people disappeared or died during Pinochet's rule, and many have accused his government of using death squads to wipe out political opponents.

Araya alleges that Neruda was poisoned in a clinic where he was undergoing treatment.

That claim and several other alleged discrepancies surrounding the poet's death drew the attention of Chile's Communist Party, which called for Neruda to be exhumed in 2011.

Evidence suggests that a third party was involved in Neruda's death, said Communist Party attorney Eduardo Contreras. Chilean Judge Mario Carroza ordered the exhumation in February.

Nephew: 'This is a circus'

But not everyone shares the Communist Party's concerns.

After the exhumation request, the head of the Pablo Neruda Foundation -- founded by the poet's widow to promote and preserve his legacy -- said he didn't want authorities to dig up Neruda's remains.

"We are against an exhumation of his cadaver because it would seem to us a true act of desecration," Juan Agustin Figueroa told Chile's Radio Bio-Bio in 2011.

The organization has since adopted a more welcoming tone.

"In this year that marks four decades since the death of Pablo Neruda, we hope also that the investigation of Judge Carroza will help clarify the doubts that might exist regarding the poet's death," the foundation said in a statement last week.

Others aren't convinced.

"This is a circus that I do not want to be part of," Bernardo Reyes, Neruda's nephew and biographer, said last week.

Reyes said party officials never contacted him to discuss their desire to have Neruda's remains exhumed, and he told CNN Chile that he remains suspicious of their motives.

As debate surges, Reyes said he plans to update a biography of Neruda and publish photographs taken of the poet after his death, which show Neruda's physical state and the clothes he was wearing in his coffin.

"It seems that when someone wants to find the truth but ignores all the sides of the story, that is notable," he said.

Expert: Time 'erases evidence'

The investigation into Neruda's death follows another high-profile exhumation.

As part of a massive probe of 726 reported human rights violations during Pinochet's rule, Chilean authorities exhumed Allende's body in 2011, in view of the longstanding belief that he died at the hands of the military and did not commit suicide, but the country’s legal medical service reported two months later that Allende did kill himself with an AK-47 given to him by Fidel Castro.

What these incidents confirm is not only South America’s turbulent history of coups and the unnatural deaths of larger-than-life figures, but also how the absence of democracy over prolonged periods had turned the continent into a hotbed of intrigue and violence. It is not surprising that the late Venezuelan president, Huge Chavez, had ordered that the tomb of his idol, Simon Bolivar, be opened to determine whether the liberator had died of poisoning and not tuberculosis. But the investigators did not find any evidence of foul play.

For decades, Neruda has been buried alongside his wife, Matilde Urrutia, in Isla Negra, a coastal area in central Chile.

Excavation crews began work there on Sunday and completed the exhumation on Monday, CNN Chile reported.

Determining what really happened will be a difficult task, since so much time has passed since the poet's death, one pathologist told CNN Chile.

"Time is a destructive factor," said Dr. Luis Ravanal, an investigator for the office of Chile's government ombudsman. "It is an element that erases evidence."

Tissues will have decomposed, he said, and even if some sort of poison were used, there may no longer be any traces remaining. "Science has enormous limitations in this case," he said.

However, if the misgivings about Neruda’s death are confirmed, it will be yet another black mark against Pinochet’s regime and refurbish the Nobel laureate’s reputation as Chile’s Federico Garcia Lorca, the Spanish poet, who was murdered in Spain in 1936. Exhumation can be an act of exorcising the guilt.

Thursday 11 April 2013

http://newindianexpress.com/editorials/Exhumation-can-be-act-of-exorcising-the-guilt/2013/04/11/article1539372.ece

http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/08/world/americas/chile-neruda-investigation/